I can relate to an extent. I do have food texture issues, but not as severe as yours. I've never vomited, but I am unable to physically chew and swallow some foods because of texture, and sometimes flavor. My mouth sort of freezes up sometimes and the only solution is to spit out the food. The flavor of toothpaste can easily cause a flat out gag reflex with me. I'm not salad person myself, but that has slightly more to do with motor issues with a fork, and a lack of enthusiasm in the bland taste. Texture might have some piece to play, now that I really think about it.

Before I finished reading your post, I was going to suggest smoothies, but I see that you're already doing that. Are you working with an OT? I'm wondering if there's any way to desensitize to food textures.